The immediate context of this chapter is the radical reforms to higher education in England that were initiated after the Browne Review (2010). It recommended that undergraduate degree programmes in social sciences, arts and humanities should be wholly financed by student fees supported by a publicly underwritten system of income-contingent loans. The subsequent government White Paper (2011) modified the proposals to some degree (primarily by placing a cap on fees and student numbers because of the potentially high cost of the loan system), but reinforced the commitment to higher education understood simply as an investment in human capital. At the same time, it proposed to allow for-profit providers to compete for students with access to loans, and for universities to change their legal status to facilitate their own for-profit activities and joint ventures with for-profit companies (McGettigan, 2013).1
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